—Back Pain

Back Pain & Sciatica · Interventional, Non-Surgical Orthopedics · Glastonbury, CT

Back Pain & Sciatica: Finding the Real Cause Before Choosing a Treatment

Most back pain evaluations stop at the MRI. Dr. Paul Tortland, DO, FAOASM, CAQSM, RMSK, an interventional, non-surgical orthopedic physician, looks for the structure actually generating your pain, then walks you through every reasonable option, including surgery when it is the better choice.

Performed by Dr. Tortland personallyPain-generator diagnosis, not disc-first assumptionInterventional and regenerative spine care

Quick answer

Back pain can come from facet joints, the sacroiliac joint, paraspinal muscles and ligaments, discs, or irritated nerve roots. A disc bulge on MRI does not prove the disc is the cause: over half of people with no back pain have one. Sciatica is also frequently misdiagnosed, because leg pain can come from several sources besides a pinched nerve. Dr. Tortland combines your history, a physical exam, a review of your imaging, and a live musculoskeletal ultrasound exam in the same visit. Treatment may include rehabilitation, interventional procedures such as epidural injections and nerve hydrodissection, ultrasound-guided PRP or prolotherapy for selected conditions, or referral to a spine surgeon when that is the right path.

Most common causes seen

Facet joint pain, SI joint pain, sciatica and nerve-root pain

Diagnosis method

History, exam, imaging review and live ultrasound in one visit

Interventional options

Epidurals, nerve hydrodissection, PRP, prolotherapy

First visit

At least an hour, $500, ultrasound included

Physician

Paul Tortland, DO, FAOASM, CAQSM, RMSK

Who treats you

Dr. Tortland personally, every visit

When surgery is right

Significant stenosis, instability, or nerve compression causing progressive weakness

Insurance

Regenerative procedures not covered; HSA / FSA eligible

When to see a doctor

When should you see a doctor for back pain?

Book an evaluation if your back pain has lasted more than a few weeks, keeps coming back, limits your work, sleep or activity, or has not improved with physical therapy, medication, or injections, or if it comes with pain, numbness, or tingling down a leg. A second opinion before spine surgery is also a good reason to come in.

Seek emergency care right away, not an office visit, if you have new loss of bowel or bladder control, numbness in the groin or inner thighs, rapidly worsening weakness in a leg or foot, back pain after a significant fall or accident, or back pain with fever, unexplained weight loss, or a history of cancer.

For everything else, the most important question is what is actually generating the pain. An MRI report that says "bulging disc" is often handed to patients as if it explains everything, and often it does not: a landmark study of 98 people with no back pain found 52% had a disc bulge and 27% had a disc protrusion anyway. Facet joints, the sacroiliac joint, and paraspinal muscles and ligaments are frequently the real source, and they get overlooked when a clinician goes straight from "disc finding" to "disc is the problem."

  • Pain generator identified before assuming the disc is the cause
  • Leg pain checked for sciatica look-alikes before any treatment
  • Every injection image-guided, never blind
  • Performed by Dr. Tortland personally, in office, same day

Common causes

What causes back pain and sciatica?

The back pain and sciatica conditions seen most often in this practice, including sciatica that has been misdiagnosed elsewhere, treated with interventional and non-surgical care whenever the diagnostic workup supports it.

Facet joint arthritisDegenerative disc diseaseParaspinal muscle dysfunctionLumbar radiculopathyDisc herniation with leg painChronic low back painSciatica and nerve-root painSacroiliac joint painMyofascial back painBack pain after an accidentSciatica look-alikes (referred leg pain)Low back ligament laxityBone marrow lesion, spineCoccyx and lower back painPost-fusion adjacent-segment painChronic pain misdiagnosed as purely discogenic

Validate · Investigate · Treat

How Dr. Tortland evaluates and treats back pain

Validate your pain as real, investigate until the true pain generator is found, then treat what is actually wrong.

01

History, exam and live ultrasound

An unrushed first visit of at least an hour focuses on locating the actual pain generator: facet joints, paraspinal muscles, the sacroiliac joint, the disc, or an irritated nerve. Live musculoskeletal ultrasound is performed in the same visit.

02

Imaging review and a clear diagnosis

Your MRI, CT, and X-rays are compared against the exam findings. For leg pain, this step separates true nerve-root sciatica from look-alikes such as sacroiliac or facet-referred pain, a common source of misdiagnosis.

03

Treatment selection

Treatment targets the identified pain generator, not a generic "back pain" protocol. You are shown every reasonable option, from rehabilitation and interventional procedures to regenerative treatment or a surgical referral.

04

Interventional spine procedures

For sciatica and nerve-root pain, Dr. Tortland performs interlaminar, transforaminal, and caudal epidural injections, including the "sweet caudal" (a caudal epidural using dextrose), as well as ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection.

05

Ultrasound-guided regenerative treatment

For selected facet, ligament, and paraspinal pain generators, PRP is custom-prepared on site to 12 to 15 times baseline platelet concentration (commercial bedside kits typically reach 2 to 7 times) and placed under live ultrasound, often reaching the facet capsule, medial branch nerve, and paraspinal muscle through a single skin entry point. Prolotherapy may be used for sacroiliac or facet-region ligament laxity.

06

Recovery instructions

You leave with written instructions specific to your spine and the procedure performed. After a regenerative injection, expect two to five days of soreness and avoid anti-inflammatories for two weeks.

07

Follow-up and re-evaluate

Follow-up at six to ten weeks to compare your symptoms against baseline and decide on next steps, with repeat imaging when appropriate.

Candidacy

Who this helps, and when surgery is the better answer

Good candidate
  • Chronic low back pain that hasn't responded to physical therapy or conventional injections
  • Facet-mediated pain confirmed on exam and imaging, not assumed from a disc report
  • Sciatica or nerve-root pain, including cases misdiagnosed elsewhere
  • Patients who want to avoid or delay spine surgery
  • Patients who cannot take repeated cortisone
  • Active adults and athletes who want to stay active
Not a candidate
  • Significant spinal stenosis, instability, or nerve compression causing progressive weakness
  • Back pain with emergency warning signs, which needs urgent care first
  • Active infection, local or systemic
  • Active blood cancers or platelet disorders
  • Patients unwilling to follow the post-injection loading plan
  • Cases where ultrasound shows a different, non-treatable cause

Comparison

Back pain treatment options compared

Option
What it does
Duration of benefit
Effect on tissue
OptionEpidural steroid injection
What it doesSuppresses inflammation around an irritated nerve root or facet joint
Duration of benefitWeeks to a few months, sometimes longer
Effect on tissueNo repair effect on the underlying structural problem
OptionPhysical therapy
What it doesBuilds strength, flexibility and movement patterns to reduce load on the spine
Duration of benefitOngoing; benefit depends on continued exercise
Effect on tissueNo direct tissue effect; foundational to most treatment plans
OptionPRP
What it doesDelivers growth factors to the facet, ligament, or nerve-adjacent tissue to stimulate repair
Duration of benefitCommonly 12 months or more per course
Effect on tissueAims to improve tissue quality
OptionCellular orthobiologics (BMA)
What it doesDelivers cells plus signaling proteins for advanced facet or disc degeneration
Duration of benefitOften longer in advanced joints
Effect on tissueStronger biologic signal for degenerated joints
OptionSpine surgery
What it doesDecompresses, stabilizes, or repairs a structural spine problem
Duration of benefitLong-term, definitive for the right case
Effect on tissueStructural change with recovery cost

Frequently asked

Back pain and sciatica questions.

What kind of doctor should I see for back pain?

Start with a physician who diagnoses before treating. Dr. Tortland is an interventional, non-surgical orthopedic physician: he identifies the pain generator with an exam, a review of your imaging, and live ultrasound, then explains interventional, regenerative, rehabilitation, and surgical options based on what he finds. He refers to a spine surgeon when surgery is genuinely the better choice.

My MRI shows a disc bulge. Is that definitely causing my back pain?

No, not automatically. A landmark 1994 study in the New England Journal of Medicine imaged 98 people with no back pain and found 52% had a disc bulge and 27% had a disc protrusion anyway. Facet joints, the sacroiliac joint, and paraspinal muscles and ligaments are frequently the real source of pain, and an evaluation that goes straight from "disc finding" to "disc is the problem" can miss the actual cause.

Why is sciatica so often misdiagnosed?

Leg pain is not always a pinched nerve. The sacroiliac joint, facet joints, and muscles can all refer pain into the buttock and leg, and a disc finding on MRI can be coincidental. Dr. Tortland confirms whether the pain is truly coming from a nerve root before choosing a treatment.

What epidural injections does Dr. Tortland perform?

He performs interlaminar, transforaminal, and caudal epidural injections, including the "sweet caudal," a caudal epidural using dextrose. The approach is chosen based on where the nerve irritation is and on your history.

What is nerve hydrodissection, and can it help sciatica?

Hydrodissection is an ultrasound-guided injection of fluid around an irritated or entrapped nerve to free it from surrounding tissue. It is one of the non-surgical options Dr. Tortland uses for nerve-related pain, including selected cases of sciatica and nerve-root pain.

What is prolotherapy, and is it used for the back?

Prolotherapy is an injection of a dextrose solution intended to stimulate a mild, localized healing response in a lax or irritated ligament. It is sometimes used for sacroiliac or facet-region ligament laxity, either on its own or alongside PRP.

Is back pain treatment covered by insurance?

Regenerative treatments such as PRP and prolotherapy are not currently covered by most U.S. insurers and are paid out of pocket; HSA and FSA funds can be used. Every new patient starts with a comprehensive initial evaluation ($500) that includes a full history, exam, and live musculoskeletal ultrasound in the same visit.

Is all PRP for the back the same?

No. Most clinics use commercial bedside kits that yield about 2 to 7 times baseline platelet concentration. PRP here is custom-formulated in an on-site laboratory using an Exo Advantage preparation system, with platelet concentration measured directly on a Beckman Coulter DxH 500 cell counter before it goes in, to a therapeutic target of 12 to 15 times baseline or higher, tailored to your spine, age, and baseline platelet count.

Who performs my back injection?

Dr. Tortland performs every back evaluation and procedure himself with image guidance. He has used musculoskeletal ultrasound clinically since 2008 and was the first physician in the world certified in regenerative medicine.

Sources

References & further reading.

01

Mulvaney SW, Tortland PD, Shiple B, Curtis K. Regenerative medicine options for chronic musculoskeletal conditions: a review of the literature. Endurance and Sports Medicine. 2018.

02

Brinjikji W, et al. Systematic literature review of imaging features of spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36(4):811-816.

03

Dagenais S, Yelland MJ, Del Mar C, Schoene ML. Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD004059.

05

Maniquis-Smigel L, Reeves KD, et al. Short term analgesic effects of 5% dextrose epidural injections for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;7(1):e42550.

**Medical Disclaimer:** Information on this page is provided for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, guarantee a particular outcome, or establish a physician-patient relationship. Treatment suitability and expected results vary by patient and depend on individual clinical circumstances and the available scientific evidence. The inclusion of a procedure, treatment, or therapy on this website does not mean that it is appropriate for every patient, effective for every condition, superior to other treatment options, or guaranteed to produce a particular result. Orthobiologic procedures discussed on this website are medical procedures performed under the practice of medicine. The FDA regulatory status of any particular product, device, or use may vary, and FDA approval or clearance should not be inferred unless specifically stated. Dr. Tortland reports no financial interest in the products or devices described on this page. Individual results vary, and treatment decisions require an appropriate clinical evaluation, including an in-person examination when indicated.

Find out what's actually causing your back pain.

Candidacy is determined on exam and imaging, not over the phone. Bring your MRI and get an honest answer in one visit.